Technologies

For more than 100 years, the car has simply been used as a device for transporting a driver and passengers from point A to point B at speed with minimum effort.  

With the introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and other semi-autonomous driving technologies, a different concept of the vehicle is emerging. In the future, the car will be a media playback center, telephone, office and extension of the home’s living room which also happens to be able to convey passengers from A to B.

This is having a profound effect on the characteristics and on the sheer number of electronics systems in new vehicles and this in turn will dramatically extend the demands on the EMI shielding devices used to attenuate the radiated emissions that could affect circuits in the car. EMI shielding materials will need to perform over a wide range of frequencies, in more applications as electronic systems take over more and more aspects of the car’s driving operations, while adding as little as possible to the weight of the vehicle.   

The time for OEMs to consider the options for achieving EMC in new car designs is at the start of a new design project, before the electrical and mechanical features of the vehicle’s systems have been decided. This gives design engineers the opportunity to bring considerations of EMI and shielding devices into the design process and enable optimization of the size, cost and performance of EMI shielding in the final system. 

• The first challenge for automotive design engineers is the range of frequencies that need to be attenuated will be far greater in new cars than it was in the past. Until recently, the main frequencies of interest were the AM and FM bands used by radio and frequencies below 3GHz used by Bluetooth radio and mobile phone networks.

  With the future introduction of 5G mobile phone network coverage, frequency coverage of EMI shielding materials will need to be extended. A higher frequency range is not the only issue. Cars are also going to support a much greater number of wireless communications systems within the vehicle.

• The second challenge is that the effectiveness of EMI shielding is likely to be more tightly specified in the future as automotive manufacturers move towards a strict view of the functional safety of the electronics systems in cars, codified in the ISO 26262 functional safety standard.

  So, what does this mean for the specification of EMI shielding materials?

Parker Chomerics maintains an intensive research and development program aimed at producing new filler materials for electrically conductive elastomer products. An important goal for this research program is to produce EMI gaskets that can cover the broader frequency range of interest in autonomous vehicles, while maintaining the desirable mechanical characteristics. Parker Chomerics CHO-SEAL conductive elastomers are widely used in automotive systems and offer useful properties, including resistance to high temperatures and contaminants, and the ability to provide environmental sealing to protect circuits from the ingress of liquids.

These elastomer gaskets resist compression set, accommodate low closure force, and help control air flow. They are available in standard sheet form, extruded or custom shapes. 

In addition, Parker Chomerics CHOFORM Form-In-Place automated EMI gasket material can be dispensed directly onto castings, machined metal and conductive plastic and is widely used in tightly packed electronic housings. This advanced technology allows dispensing of precise positioned gaskets in very small cross sections and can free up valuable packing space of up to 60%. CHOFORM offers excellent shielding effectiveness which exceeds 100dB between 200 MHz and 12GHz.

The development of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles is leading to a huge increase in the number of electronics modules per vehicle. This increases the scope for car makers to reduce weight by replacing conventional metal housings with lighter conductive plastic housings. While the weight saving on each module might appear small, when multiplied across the 100 or more electronics modules, the total weight saving becomes invaluable.

Parker Chomerics PREMIER™ PBT-225 is a single-pellet conductive plastic for use in automotive housings. PREMIER PBT-225 offers excellent resistance to hydrolysis when exposed to extreme temperatures and provides for easy processing and uniform filler dispersion. As a result, EMI housings made from PBT-225 offer tightly controlled electrical and mechanical performance throughout complex geometries. A weight saving of 30% is also possible when replacing an equivalent metal or aluminium housing with PBT-225.

By collaborating early in development projects with Parker Chomerics, automotive system designers can ensure that their electronic and mechanical design is optimized for shielding purposes.

Learn more about Parker Chomerics EMI shielding and thermal solutions for the automotive Industry.

This blog post was contributed by Mel French, marketing communications manager, Chomerics Division Europe. 

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Honeycomb air ventilation panels are used in applications where superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding must be incorporated with heat dissipation in the form of airflow. Every vent panel has a variety of design features, each providing benefits to end customers based on specific application needs. These design features can include framing, plating/painting, gasketing, and vent size control.

An often overlooked but highly important phenomenon to consider when designing EMI vent panels is that of polarity.

What this means is that honeycomb vents can have differences in shielding effectiveness, sometimes as great at 50 dB, depending on the direction of the electromagnetic waves. 

For example, a basic aluminum honeycomb vent may provide shielding of 70 dB in the horizontal direction while only providing shielding of 25 dB in the vertical direction. This characteristic is due to the manufacturing process of standard aluminum honeycomb vent panels.

Basic aluminum honeycomb is created using thin ribbons of aluminum that are bonded using a non-conductive adhesive. Polarity is associated with seam leakage caused by the non-conductive bonds from cell to cell created during the manufacturing process of adhering aluminum ribbons together to make the honeycomb. While thin, this non-conductive gap is the cause of difference in shielding effectiveness (SE). It is important to note that polarity is only an issue for aluminum vents, not for steel, stainless steel, and brass honeycomb due to a different manufacturing process (steel and brass honeycomb use a welding process, eliminating the non-conductive gap). The below graph demonstrates the significant difference in shielding effectiveness in the horizontal and vertical directions.

Fortunately, there are several solutions to combat this polarity issue:

With the addition of a second layer of honeycomb, offset at a 90-degree angle, the polarization effect can be dramatically reduced. The Chomerics term for these layered vents is Omni Cell. By rotating the second layer of honeycomb 90 degrees, RF wave interaction in both the X and Y axes are combated by the seam orientation of each layer of honeycomb. This means that while the electromagnetic waves may pass through one layer of the honeycomb, the offsetting layer will not allow them to pass through the entire vent assembly. Of note, airflow through the vent is not significantly impacted, allowing for enough heat dissipation. 

While the maximum shielding effectiveness of the Omni Cell vents is nearly identical compared to that of a single layer vent, the directional consistency is instantly noticeable. There is no longer a difference in the horizontal and vertical shielding effectiveness, with the offsetting layers eliminating the polarity effect.

Electroless nickel plating is an ideal plating option to combat polarity on aluminum vents. The nickel plating covers the non-conductive bonds and eliminates seam leakage between aluminum ribbons. The nickel plating electrically connects the aluminum ribbons which overcome the non-conductive adhesive.  Not only does nickel plating effectively eliminate the polarity effect, it increases the durability of the vents and improves their lifespan in harsh environments.

As with Omni Cell vents, the polarization effect is eliminated with the vent exhibiting nearly no difference in shielding between horizontal and vertical testing. A properly plated vent will also increase the SE of the entire honeycomb array, creating conductive contact between every individual aluminum ribbon in the assembly. The nickel plating also improves the electrical connection of the honeycomb to the frame if the plating process is done after assembly.

Based on the above graphs, a conclusion can be made about the techniques used in eliminating the polarity effect. Since the plating process can eliminate the polarization effect AND increase the SE, this approach is most common. Omni Cell construction is effective if it meets the desired shielding effectiveness level. It is rare to see a nickel plated Omni Cell vent.

Individual project specifications such as airflow requirements, shielding performance, environmental exposure, budget and a myriad of others will drive the design process of EMI shielding honeycomb ventilation panels, but it is important to know about principles such as polarity in making final considerations. 

Article contributed by Ben Nudelman, market development engineer, Parker Chomerics Division.

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Business growth creates new challenges. This is the case for plant engineers and maintenance managers responsible for the efficient operation of the most common form of dust collection equipment — pulse-jet baghouses — used in foundries across the globe. Many baghouses were designed and built to accommodate a certain amount of air flow that was sufficient for past demands. As foundries have increased production, these flow requirements have amplified and the original design of the baghouses are no longer suitable. Their obsolescence is perpetuated by raised scrutiny on emissions and the focus on the business community’s responsiveness as good corporate neighbors and stewards to a sustainable environment.

In this blog, we will explore pleated filter element (PFE) technology and examine how two foundries successfully upgraded their pulse-jet dust collectors by installing PFEs, resulting in: 

• Increased air volume.
• Improved filtration efficiency.
• Reduced emissions.
• Lower overall plant maintenance requirements. 

To read about more successful upgrades in a variety of foundry application processes, and for details on PFE performance testing, download the full case study.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) regulations have become increasingly more stringent, requiring foundries to upgrade their current operational ventilation systems to comply with regulatory standards. Foundries have evaluated their furnaces, shakeout, pouring and cooling lines, sand handling systems, finishing areas and many other parts of their operations reliant on pulse-jet dust collectors for proper ventilation. Their evaluations have found a multitude of problems, including:

• High air-to-cloth ratios.
• Emissions caused by poor media filtration efficiency.
• Inlet abrasion of filter bags.
• Low air volumes at source due to excessive baghouse differential pressures.
• Loss of production due to filter bag changeout downtimes.
• High upward (interstitial) velocities between filter bags, resulting in ineffective cleaning. 
• Pulse cleaning systems consume large volumes of compressed air.

As a result, foundries are looking for ways to upgrade their dust collection. The most economical and preferred option is to modify existing baghouses rather than installing completely new systems, which would require significant capital investment. PFEs provide an effective solution to this challenge.

Pleated filter elements, such as those manufactured by Parker Hannifin, are filters that use either a molded polyurethane or metal top and bottom that are used as direct replacement for standard felted filter bag and cage assemblies in pulse-jet baghouses, as well as in new equipment. Spun-bonded polyester fabric is the most common media used in PFEs because of its tight pore structure and rigid physical properties that allow it to hold a self-supported pleat —providing as much as 200 to 300% more filtration area at 99.992% efficiency than a filter bag in the same tubesheet hole.

A major Midwest foundry used a three-compartment, 882-bag shaker baghouse to ventilate four induction furnaces, a scrap preheater system, and a magnesium inoculation station. The foundry struggled with the following problems in its dust collection system:

• Twelve-month filter bag life.
• High differential pressure due to media binding caused by particulate loading.
• Loss of ventilation air in the furnace area.
• Excessive emissions.
• High labor costs associated with keeping the old system operational.

As a solution, the company converted the original shaker system to an engineered pulse-jet style cleaning system using BHA® PFEs manufactured by Parker Hannifin's Industrial Gas Filtration and Generation Division. The baghouse was retrofitted with a new tubesheet and a walk-in clean air plenum, to allow for a top-load design filter element. The baghouse has been operating consistently since the retrofit.

Since the retrofit, the baghouse has been operating consistently and the following results have been reported:

• Upgraded air volume from 28,000 CFM to the required 55,000 CFM.
• The amount of compressed air required for pulse-jet cleaning has been reduced from 60% to 40%.
• Stack testing has confirmed that performance easily meets new environmental regulations.

A large foundry that manufactures castings for the automotive industry had a top-load design pulse-jet baghouse that contained 650 felted filter bags and cages. The unit ventilated several shot blast cabinets, grinders, and other finishing equipment. The system was originally designed at an air-to-cloth ratio of 6.1:1. The filter bags measured 5.25 in. in diameter by 12 ft. in length, for a total cloth area of 16.5 ft2 per filter bag. The challenges the foundry was experiencing with the current design were:

• Bottom-bag abrasion caused by the filter bags’ bottoms hanging directly above the parting line of the hopper. Abrasive metallic dust created small pinholes in the bottom of 9 inches of the filter bags. 
• Unacceptable emissions at the discharge stack.
• Significant production time reduction.

The foundry engineering team determined that installing Parker BHA PFEs in the dust collector was the most cost-effective solution.

Post installation results include:

• Because of the PFEs' compact design, the filter bottoms were positioned five feet above the dirty-air plenum eliminating the bottom bag abrasion.
• Reduction in the air-to-cloth ratio to 3.2:1.
• Air consumption at the collector was reduced by 30% resulting in increased overall system efficiency. 
• Unplanned maintenance and shutdowns were eliminated.
• A reduction in average differential pressure across the filter elements to 3.0 to 3.5 inch water gauge.

Pulse-jet dust collectors used in most foundry applications can be successfully upgraded with the installation of pleated filter elements. The case studies show that when aggressively designed to air-to-cloth ratios and demands for increased airflow capacity cause poor dust collector performance, the installation of PFEs can dramatically lower differential pressures, improve filtering efficiencies, reduce emissions and lower overall plant maintenance requirements.

Download the full case study to read more successful upgrades in a variety of foundry application processes and for details on PFE performance testing.

This blog was contributed by the Filtration technology team, Parker Industrial Gas Filtration and Generation Division.

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To ensure optimum machine safety, design engineers need a solid understanding of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and how to comply with required safety levels. 

A safety exhaust valve when incorporated into an air preparation system, lets the user safely and reliably shut off the pneumatic energy, stopping compressed air-flow to the machine and allowing downstream pressure to exhaust. 

Installing a pneumatic safety exhaust valve is a simple and cost-effective way to achieve machine safety and to comply with the directive.

Here are four things to consider for your application:

To eliminate the danger of residual energy making its way into the machine, select a solution which offers a series-parallel flow design, such as Parker’s P33 valve. This permits higher exhaust flow capability and ensures low residual pressure during a fault. 

Essentially, the two valve elements are arranged such that air from inlet to outlet must pass through both valves in series, but the flow path from outlet to exhaust is in parallel.

Cross-flow technology ensures that both valve elements (redundant design) must shift to supply air downstream and, if either valve element is out of position with the other, downstream air will dump to exhaust in parallel.

Monitoring detects faults or failures in control systems, and checks for short-circuit faults. The monitoring portion of a safety system must check if both sides of the safety valve shift together every time by monitoring the condition of pressure-operated sensors. These sensors are hardwired into the controls and monitored by the external control system.

This is generally done with most safety relays and safety PLCs. The use of sophisticated controls and monitoring ensures sensors are not bypassed and faults are detected so the valve functions as intended. 

Statistical component life (B10d) is key to any safety component. When designing a safety system according to ISO 13849-1, each component in the system needs a B10d or a mean time to dangerous failure (MTTFd). 

Engineers use a B10d value, along with the number of operations (nop) to determine the MTTFd of the component for the application:

MTTFd = B10d/nop.

Valves that use electromechanical components for monitoring are usually limited by the life of the circuit boards or mechanical wear parts.

Using solid-state electronic pressure sensors for monitoring greatly improves the B10d numbers as there are no mechanical wear components. 

The required Performance Level (PLr) should be determined by a risk assessment. Once a PLr is determined, application statistical component life (MTTFd), controls architecture (Category), diagnostic coverage (DC), and consideration of common-cause failures (CCF) can be used to determine the system PL. The system PL must equal or exceed the Performance Level. 

For applications where the severity of injury and level of exposure to the hazard are high, the percentage of diagnostic coverage of the monitoring system must be high as well. Depending on the safety relays or safety PLCs used, the system can achieve a High-Performance Level, up to PL e and Safe Integrity Level to SIL 3.

If a risk assessment demands a safety rating of PLc or higher, a redundant safety exhaust valve is a simple-to-implement and cost-effective way to attain the required safety level.

Our white paper Selecting & Integrating Pneumatic Safety Exhaust Valves provides more in-depth support with the correct specification and integration of safety exhaust valves.

Article contributed by Linda Caron, global product manager for Factory Automation, Pneumatic Division.

Valve technology has come a long way with many available features. Gas and liquid multimedia valves that are used in chemical analysis such as Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), two analytical techniques, are used for chemical analysis and have very critical requirements. In this blog, we will discuss key aspects to look for when replacing a  solenoid valve, and possible upgrades to increase reliability and efficiency.

In chemical analysis, samples are separated using chromatography and identified with the mass spectrometer. Gas and liquid multimedia valves are used for head pressure control, flow path selection, and calibration in these analytical systems. These instruments can call for critical leak rates in the parts per fractions of a cc/min range; these are critical leak rates that require very high-end valves. 

All valves are not created equal. When selecting a valve for analytical systems one must do his or her research. If you base your valve selection for your equipment on the lowest price, you'll likely experience equipment failures due to high leak rates over the valve's life and low repeatability. Analytical systems require valves that can withstand fast response time, high flow and repeated operations while maintaining precision control to ensure highly precise and accurate test results. The valves should be compared on leak rates, reliability, types of materials used and subsystem availability.  

Leak rate is one of the most critical specifications for a valve used in Gas/Liquid (GC-LC) Chromatography, and Mass Spectrometry (MS). Instruments that leak can introduce outside contaminants into the sample flow stream and negatively affect the analysis. This means product failure. The original valve specifications must match to ensure it can withstand the necessary pressure and temperatures in the existing system. Valves used in GC, LC and MS should be tested using a helium mass spectrometer to check for porosity and permeability of the seat and seal. Other features that need to be considered are maximum pressure capability, surface finish, power consumption, and seat and seal.

• Pressure will directly affect the leak rate. The higher the system pressure, the higher the potential leak rate — higher-pressure rating means better leak rate.
• Surface finishes are essential in guaranteeing a low leak rate. Elastomers have specific leak capabilities due to material porosity/void fraction and permeation.
• Ability to be analytically cleaned. The analytical cleaning process is essential to ensure the valves don't introduce background or any contamination into the sample stream. 
• Seat and seal load are determined by the system forces and sealing surface quality.
• Coil power consumption or coil force determines the spring force and pressure that can be applied to the valve. Valves with the same total power consumption can have different leak rates due to design, maximum designed pressure capability, orifice size, and magnetic materials.
   

When selecting valves in Gas or Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (MS), reliability and repeatability are of utmost importance. For a valve to have repeatability it needs a long-life cycle, high yield rates and a proven track record. When determining reliability in a valve you must evaluate the design, quality of material and manufacturing process and controls of the product.

In high duty cycle applications, multimedia solenoid valves can generate heat at full voltage. In order to reduce this heat, higher-end valve manufacturers use Hit and Hold circuits. Hit and Hold circuits allow valves to be fully powered and remain in that state for a short time before voltage and current are reduced to lower levels, while still allowing the valve to remain energized. This procedure allows the valve to stay open with much less energy. This will also allow the valve to generate much less heat and decrease the power draw. As an OEM look for this type of circuit option in a valve to reduce heat, increase cycle life and reduce energy consumption.

Type of material is crucial for valves with critical leak requirements. The term wetted material is important to understand. Wetted material is defined as any surfaces and/or components that are (potentially) exposed to or in direct contact with the medium under pressure. A few more important things to know before selecting a valve are permeation rate, compatibility with certain fluids (specifically what your system uses), and potential out-gassing that can occur.

Finally, look for the availability of subsystems. A subsystem is a pre-assembled module that includes tubing, fittings, regulators, valves on a manifold and other accessories. A subsystem will eliminate the need to maintain multiple vendors and reduce the overall bill of materials, provide integration between components, create one single stream for technical support and customer service, and cost reduction in assembly and labor time. 

Above is a Mass Spectrometry system that features two Parker subsystems. The backfill subsystem and calibration subsystem are examples of Parker's ability to provide customers with complete solutions. In these subsystems, Parker’s Series 9 and Series 4 valves were specifically selected because they offer:

• Non-corroding passivated stainless steel
• Ultra-low leak rate tested at 1 x 10 -7 cc/sec/atm Helium
• Pressure up to 1250 PSI
• High-temperature capability in a small size
• Easy implementation of Hit and Hold circuits
• Operation with extreme repeatability.

All valves can be customized with several attributes and come in complete pre-assembled subsystems to reduce time and cost. Parker is proud to be the only company capable of offering a complete product selection with integrating manufactured components and custom assemblies. We are eager to help you with all your precision gas and fluidics needs. 

Click here to view Parker Precision Fluidics entire product page.

Parker Precision Fluidics has over 30 years of experience in developing valve and pump technologies. Our engineers specialize in helping Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) to update original valves that are producing low yields.

Our applications engineering team is always available to provide recommendations and customize equipment to customer specifications. 

To learn more, visit Parker Hannifin’s Precision Fluidics Division or call 603-595-1500 to speak with an engineer.

Article contributed by Jonathan DeSousa, division application engineer, Precision Fluidics Division, Parker Hannifin. 

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Valve technology has come a long way with many available features. Gas and liquid multimedia valves that are used in chemical analysis such as Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), two analytical techniques, are used for chemical analysis and have very critical requirements. In this blog, we will discuss key aspects to look for when replacing a medical solenoid valve, and possible upgrades to increase reliability and efficiency.

In chemical analysis, samples are separated using chromatography and identified with the mass spectrometer. Gas and liquid multimedia valves are used for head pressure control, flow path selection, and calibration in these analytical systems. These instruments can call for critical leak rates in the parts per fractions of a cc/min range; these are critical leak rates that require very high-end valves. 

All valves are not created equal. When selecting a valve for analytical systems one must do his or her research. If you base your valve selection for your equipment on the lowest price, you'll likely experience equipment failures due to high leak rates over the valve's life and low repeatability. Analytical systems require valves that can withstand fast response time, high flow and repeated operations while maintaining precision control to ensure highly precise and accurate test results. The valves should be compared on leak rates, reliability, types of materials used and subsystem availability.  

Leak rate is one of the most critical specifications for a valve used in Gas/Liquid (GC-LC) Chromatography, and Mass Spectrometry (MS). Instruments that leak can introduce outside contaminants into the sample flow stream and negatively affect the analysis. This means product failure. The original valve specifications must match to ensure it can withstand the necessary pressure and temperatures in the existing system. Valves used in GC, LC and MS should be tested using a helium mass spectrometer to check for porosity and permeability of the seat and seal. Other features that need to be considered are maximum pressure capability, surface finish, power consumption, and seat and seal.

• Pressure will directly affect the leak rate. The higher the system pressure, the higher the potential leak rate — higher-pressure rating means better leak rate.
• Surface finishes are essential in guaranteeing a low leak rate. Elastomers have specific leak capabilities due to material porosity/void fraction and permeation.
• Ability to be analytically cleaned. The analytical cleaning process is essential to ensure the valves don't introduce background or any contamination into the sample stream. 
• Seat and seal load are determined by the system forces and sealing surface quality.
• Coil power consumption or coil force determines the spring force and pressure that can be applied to the valve. Valves with the same total power consumption can have different leak rates due to design, maximum designed pressure capability, orifice size, and magnetic materials.
   

When selecting valves in Gas or Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (MS), reliability and repeatability are of utmost importance. For a valve to have repeatability it needs a long-life cycle, high yield rates and a proven track record. When determining reliability in a valve you must evaluate the design, quality of material and manufacturing process and controls of the product.

In high duty cycle applications, multimedia solenoid valves can generate heat at full voltage. In order to reduce this heat, higher-end valve manufacturers use Hit and Hold circuits. Hit and Hold circuits allow valves to be fully powered and remain in that state for a short time before voltage and current are reduced to lower levels, while still allowing the valve to remain energized. This procedure allows the valve to stay open with much less energy. This will also allow the valve to generate much less heat and decrease the power draw. As an OEM look for this type of circuit option in a valve to reduce heat, increase cycle life and reduce energy consumption.

Type of material is crucial for valves with critical leak requirements. The term wetted material is important to understand. Wetted material is defined as any surfaces and/or components that are (potentially) exposed to or in direct contact with the medium under pressure. A few more important things to know before selecting a valve are permeation rate, compatibility with certain fluids (specifically what your system uses), and potential out-gassing that can occur.

Finally, look for the availability of subsystems. A subsystem is a pre-assembled module that includes tubing, fittings, regulators, valves on a manifold and other accessories. A subsystem will eliminate the need to maintain multiple vendors and reduce the overall bill of materials, provide integration between components, create one single stream for technical support and customer service, and cost reduction in assembly and labor time. 

Above is a Mass Spectrometry system that features two Parker subsystems. The backfill subsystem and calibration subsystem are examples of Parker's ability to provide customers with complete solutions. In these subsystems, Parker’s Series 9 and Series 4 valves were specifically selected because they offer:

• Non-corroding passivated stainless steel
• Ultra-low leak rate tested at 1 x 10 -7 cc/sec/atm Helium
• Pressure up to 1250 PSI
• High-temperature capability in a small size
• Easy implementation of Hit and Hold circuits
• Operation with extreme repeatability.

All valves can be customized with several attributes and come in complete pre-assembled subsystems to reduce time and cost. Parker is proud to be the only company capable of offering a complete product selection with integrating manufactured components and custom assemblies. We are eager to help you with all your precision gas and fluidics needs. 

Click here to view Parker Precision Fluidics entire product page.

Parker Precision Fluidics has over 30 years of experience in developing valve and pump technologies. Our engineers specialize in helping Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) to update original valves that are producing low yields.

Our applications engineering team is always available to provide recommendations and customize equipment to customer specifications. 

To learn more, visit Parker Hannifin’s Precision Fluidics Division or call 603-595-1500 to speak with an engineer.

Article contributed by Jonathan DeSousa, division application engineer, Precision Fluidics Division, Parker Hannifin. 

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