Hydraulics

The next generation mobile hydraulic pump is designed for mobile and built to perform.  

The  P1M Series Mobile Open Circuit Medium Pressure Axial Piston Pump, increases equipment’s performance and delivers unrivaled benefits, including:

• A smaller footprint
• Less emission and fuel consumption
• Improved machine response time
• Increased efficiency
• Longer pump life
• Reduced noise

The P1M Series is a perfect fit for mobile applications ranging from construction to refuse where system real estate is a premium. Other applications include mining, agriculture, utility, forestry, cranes, material handling and military. 

The P1M Series is compatible with a wide variety of current control options. Optimize your application’s performance by combining your pump with the Electronic Displacement Control (EDC) that improves machine handling and productivity by supplying the exact amount of power in the moment it is needed. 

Other control options include:

• Pressure compensator
• Load sense
• Remote compensator
• Electronic upload 

Check out Parker's Hydraulic Pump & Power Systems' P1M Infographic: 

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Mobile off-road machinery complexity has increased significantly over the past five years. Along with that complexity, there are higher expectations of the machine operator.  Operators expect easy to access settings and configurations that provide information about machine productivity. To easily access data, the operators look for cab displays that have high resolution full-color displays. There are several key value drivers for mobile displays that are important to consider when deciding between a traditional gage cluster and indicator lights versus a full color HMI screen.

The more aware the operator is about the status of the machine, the more productive they can be.  A machine could be less productive if the operator cannot easily determine or change the machine’s configurations.  Machine configurations or setting that require a series of button pushes along with indicator lights can be confusing.  If the machine configuration is set incorrectly, the machine may lose productivity and possibly could result in lower fuel economy.  Clear text descriptions and on-screen images allow the operator to choose the correct settings to help optimize the machine’s operation.

Operators appreciate clear text messages and images about the machine’s status.  If an operator is aware of the impending issue through a plain text notification on the screen, they can proactively plan to reduce unplanned downtime. 

The displays allow for multiple, dynamic screens where current and relevant information can be shown on each screen.  For example, a fault condition may automatically bring up a screen with a clear text message about the fault.  From the screen, the operator can scroll to an information screen or a configuration setup screen.

Messages can be displayed in multiple languages for operators to select their language to easily understand machine status.  Because the display offers options for language, there can be  one-part number for the system that can be sold globally.

Many mobile displays support one or more cameras installed in the machine.  Back-up cameras allow the operator to see blind spots when reversing.  Work areas are also viewable by cameras on the displays.  The operator can see the cameras and monitor the work areas for blockages or foreign objects, and most importantly ensure worker safety in the work area.

Display screens can also function as keypads, which allow users to log into a machine before operating. This helps make sure not only that the operator is accessing the correct machine, but also can be used to automatically set the configuration parameters to match the operator skill and training level.

Download Parker's Display Product Selection Guide to learn more.

Article contributed by Kirk Lola, product manager, Electronic Controls Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.

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Power Take-Offs (PTOs) are designed to pick up engine power through rotation and transfer the power to another piece of equipment. For this to work, a piece of equipment can be mounted to the PTO or it can be connected by a driveshaft. The process begins with the PTO input gears meshing with one of the gears in a vehicle’s transmission starting the rotation. This rotation created from the engine drives the transmission and results in turning the PTO gear and rotating the PTO output shaft. Input gears must mesh properly with the transmission’s PTO drive gear for the PTO to work. But there are a series of gears that must be considered to determine the final output ratio of the PTO.

When analyzing the gears, a measurement term to be familiar with is gear pitch. Gear pitch is the measure of the size of the teeth and is determined by the number of teeth in a given area. To calculate the gear pitch, you would divide the number of teeth by the pitch diameter of the gear. Knowing the gear pitch is important since the PTO gear must have the same pitch as the transmission gear to function properly.

Another measurement term to be familiar with is gear ratio. Modification of the operating speed of the engine to the PTO driven device can be created through the gear ratio. To understand the PTO gear ratio, it measures the revolutions of the small and large gears. Looking at a smaller gear with 12 teeth driving a 24 teeth gear, the small gear makes a revolution with the larger gear only making half a revolution during the 1 small gear revolution. This means that the speed of the larger gear is half of the smaller gear, but the torque and twisting force is twice of the smaller gear.

The gear ratio in this scenario equates to the number of teeth in the driven gear (24) divided by the number of teeth in the driving gear (12). This results in a gear ratio of 2 to 1. The change in torque in this scenario is 1 to 2 resulting from dividing the number of teeth in the driving gear (12) over the driven gear (24).  With the assumption of knowing the engine horsepower and the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the smaller gear, torque can be determined.

T = Horsepower x 5252/Speed (RPM) = Lbs. Ft. Torque

(As you can see from the above photograph, the two gears would lock as so with the red marked teeth)

Product series can have multiple gear ratio options or have just one gear ratio option. To select what ratio makes the most sense, you must know the RPM you want your vehicle’s engine running at for the application and the required operating speed of the driven equipment being used in the application. The ratio of a series of gears creates the speed for the output shaft. Those gears include the input driver gear, the input ratio gear, and the output ratio gear. Their relationship to one another will determine how fast the output of the PTO is spinning in relationship to the engine. The required speed for the driven equipment must be known in order to select the proper PTO ratio. When utilizing pumps, flow rate and displacement are needed to be determined beforehand to make sure the pump input shaft will work with the given speed from the PTO.

When looking into specific product series offered by Parker Chelsea, we want to highlight two different scenarios for series model codes. Starting with our new 210 Series for 2020 Ford Super Duty 10R140 transmissions, this series only has one gear ratio being 46/36 (internal ratio).  When all of the gears in series are considered, the final output ratio is 144% of the engine speed. With this gear ratio, and using a 90% efficiency rating, specific pump options are offered for the 210 Series which include the CGP-P11, PGP-315 and P16 pumps. It is important to remember pump productivity is determined by the pump size in relation to the pump speed.  Therefore, certain pump options may be more suitable than others depending upon the requirements of the application.

The 524 Series Rear Mount PTO is a little different compared to the 210 Series in relation with the gear ratio(s). The 524 Series has gear ratios of 1:1.00, 1:1.33, and 1:1.80. The design of the PTO itself is a two gear mechanically shifted Rear Mount PTO that is attached to rear mount apertures of a transmission. Rear mount apertures are becoming more common in the U.S. with European based transmissions becoming more popularized in the U.S. market. With the three gear ratios, this leads to different torque ratings being available in the market therefore increasing the number of applications that can be used with the 524 series along with optimizing the driven equipment.

Learn more about our 524 Series rear mount and 210 Series ten speed PTO today.

This article was contributed by Michael Mabrouk, marketing leadership associate, Chelsea Products Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.  

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Transmissions within work truck applications are highly customizable leading to multiple Power Take-Off (PTO) designs aligning with the transmission, chassis and space claim requirements. When it comes to PTO manufacturers, different product series are created to align with the different transmission manufacturers in the market. When installing a PTO on a transmission, a common issue with the installation process is the clearance in the truck chassis with how much room is available for installation. This is where the design and unique configurations of the PTOs are maximized to best match with the transmission applications.  

Installation clearance around the transmission can become problematic for many installers. Not only with the installation of the PTO itself, but attaching pumps may lead to situations of clearance issues that can, therefore, limit the type of pump sizes used. Allison is an example of a manufacturer that makes transmissions with customizable options. Popular transmissions from Allison are the 3000 and 4000 Series with the 3000 Series applying to medium duty applications and the 4000 series applying to heavy-duty applications. For Allison, PTO manufacturers have been creating product series that are designed for their transmission customization options. This is where extended shaft PTOs come into the discussion for the right application.

Extended shafts were designed to accommodate the Allison 3000 and Allison 4000 transmissions which feature a retarder or transmission mounted cooler. Transmission coolers help prevent transmissions from overheating from heavy hauling and towing. Transmission retarders help slow down vehicles when driving situations make it difficult to control the speed such as going downhill. These transmissions may have a transmission mounted cooler attached, a retarder attached or neither. Extended shaft PTOs provide a product series alternative to align with the transmission being used with a transmission mounted cooler and retarder since both impact clearance around the transmission. The design of the extended shaft product series help with these clearance issues.  

Parker Chelsea’s extended shaft product series offerings include the 890 series and the 870-XL Series PTO. The 890 was the first extended shaft PTO. The design keeps the PTO close to the transmission and allows for a large pump to be mounted behind the transmission. The 890 output is just behind the transmission and does not extend beyond the transmission mounted cooler or retarder. The 890 also sometimes allows for a drive shaft to be mounted at a better angle or in the relatively clear area behind the transmission.

When comparing the 870-XL Series and the 890 Series to each other, they both have a torque capacity for each is up to 670 lbs.-ft / 908 Nm. The difference in the design of the two is the 890 Series extends 23 inches from the center of the aperture while the 870-XL Series extends 29 inches. There is approximately 6 to 7 inches of extra clearance with the 870-XL Series. If the 890 has an issue, the 870-XL extends beyond the transmission mounted cooler or retarder to help solve the clearance issue. Another feature with the 870-XL series is the pump flange is rotatable every 7.5 degrees. The pump should be able to be locked to whatever angle it fits best. The 870-XL also allows for larger pump fitment options.

The design of the 870-XL Series has the same main PTO body and internals common to the standard 870 Series. The 870-XL Series is a PowerShift PTO specifically designed for the Allison 3000/4000 Transmissions. The Allison 3000 Transmission is designed for medium-duty vehicles while the Allison 4000 Transmission applies to heavy-duty vehicles. The 870 series already provides a compact housing design that helps eliminate certain clearance issues.

It is important to note what transmission manufacturer is used in your truck application. With a transmission manufacturer like Allison, customization varies greatly with the design of a cooler and retarder. This has led to PTO manufacturers creating product series lines that best match with the unique customization of the Allison transmission and to help improve the end user customizable offering experience as well as the installation process. Other transmission manufacturers may have transmission offerings that have led to PTO manufacturers adapting and design product series to best serve the end-user with a proper PTO for best performance and offerings of customization.

To take a more in-depth look at the 890 and 870-XL PTO series offered by Parker Chelsea, check out our products page which newly features a selection filter of type of transmission manufacturer that will allow for you to easily categorize your search result based on the transmission manufacturer that you are inquiring about.

This article was contributed by Michael Mabrouk, marketing leadership associate, Chelsea Products Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.  

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Understanding Why There are So Many Options for Mounting a PTO

How to Specify a Power Take-Off (PTO)

Ten Frequently Asked Questions You Should Know About PTOs

A project involving a Parker EHPS (Electro Hydraulic Pump System) has underlined the significant advantages of adopting the latest electrification technologies as opposed to traditional industrial combustion engine (ICE)-driven systems for mobile heavy lifting applications. The project, conducted in partnership with a leading global OEM, showed how real-world challenges faced by all design engineers – reducing costs, increasing operational efficiency and protecting the environment – can be overcome.

The key point of note here is that developing the EHPS met an elementary industry need for decoupled loads and power distribution. A design concept of this type delivers better engine management, as energy storage and recovery functions form a key part of the overall solution. The system can be sized according to specific requirements, providing power on demand, eradicating waste and allowing for capturing returned energy when lowering the load. Contrast this to an ICE, which in heavy lifting applications is sized for peak energy demand and offers no energy storage or recovery capabilities, and the benefits are clear.

The opportunity for OEMs in the mobile machinery arena (and their end users) is significant, especially as an integrated solution such as the Parker EHPS can provide energy cost savings of circa 30% and up to 50% in some applications.

With regard to this specific project, development began back in 2012, with the first prototype emerging two years later. By 2016, Parker’s facility in Warwick had the project ownership and delivery responsibility transferred over. The first orders arrived in December of that year.

Breaking it down in engineering terms, the solution relies on an inverter-driven electro-hydraulic pump sub-system to deliver the lift-lower and telescope functions and enable energy recovery as materials descend under gravity. The IQAN control system and embedded Parker-derived software provide the system function and operational interface, while peripheral manifolds and system components facilitate important services in the wider hydraulics. 

A key point is that by working in partnership with the OEM, Parker could validate in real-life the capabilities and savings possible with EHPS. In short, it could be proven that significant fuel savings would be achieved, while productivity gains with quicker responses in lifting, lowering and driving, were also demonstrated.

Since installation on the vehicle, the OEM reports it is expecting CO2 emissions to be reduced by up to 100 tonnes based on an annual running time of 5000 hours, providing yet another major benefit to the adoption of the system.

Ultimately, a decoupled solution like the EHPS offers a variety of critical benefits to those in the process of developing electric solutions, not least the opportunity to use a smaller ICE, or even eliminate it altogether. And that’s not forgetting gains relating to energy recovery, power on/off demand and the operation not being dependent on the ICE speed, or torque for that matter. 

Learn more about Parker’s EHPS solution.
 

Article contributed by Ciprian Ciuraru, project manager, Mobile Hydraulic Systems Division Europe, Parker Hannifin Corporation.

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The world of hydraulic motors is vast with numerous motor types available for various applications. To qualify as a hydraulic motor, a motor must utilize incompressible fluid to convert hydraulic pressure into torque and rotation. In applications that require low speeds (generally less than 1000 rpm) and high torques, an orbital-style, gerotor motor stands above the rest.

An orbital-style motor consists of several roller vanes positioned in pockets around the inside diameter of a stator, that act as a guide for an internal rotor to orbit. The rotor’s rotation is achieved through a pressure differential created by fluid flow. Constantly shifting high- and low-pressure zones are created, resulting in smooth and consistent rotation. Once the fluid has moved through the motor, the fluid can be returned to a holding tank, or directly to the pump itself. The rotor drives an output shaft, which is connected via a “dogbone”-style drive link. This output shaft is connected to whatever is being driven (a wheel, auger, conveyor, etc.), and a high torque can be applied. This direct connection creates a smooth transfer of the required speed and torque for an application.

There are two, smaller groups of low-speed, high-torque orbital motors, two-zone and three-zone. The primary difference between a two-zone and three-zone motor is the inclusion of a case-drain. A three-zone motor uses a case drain as a secondary outlet, where fluid can be returned to a tank (or pump), if the application’s pressure becomes too high. Alleviating this pressure aids cooling and can extend motor seal life. Additionally, the case drain line can drain excess internal oil leakage. This design feature allows three-zone motors to be linked in series for higher-pressure applications, while maintaining the flow levels of a two-zone torqmotor. In the case of a two-zone motor, the absence of a case drain means that extra adapters and hoses are not needed to connect a secondary outlet, making the entire system more cost effective. Two-zone motors can be equipped with high pressure shaft seals to bolster capability, but can not perform in the same, high pressure environments as a three-zone motor.

Parker’s 3Z Series is the latest addition to the Parker Pump & Motor Division’s product portfolio. The 3Z line consists of two, three-zone, orbital-style motors. The orbital-style design reduces friction to a minimum, and increases the efficiency of the overall design, even at high pressures. The 3ZE and 3ZG models can provide up to 24GPM and 40GPM of flow, respectively, making the series ideal for applications across numerous markets. Find out more at www.discover.parker.com/3ZSeries.

The Pump & Motor Division is a market leader in gear pump and low speed-high torque gerotor motors, that continues to blaze a trail in the industry by developing new technologies while maintaining the high level of service synonymous with Parker. Between its two locations in North Carolina and Tennessee, the division employs decades of industry experience to better serve you and your application.

Visit us in Indianapolis, IN on March 3-6, 2020 at booth #3011 to see the latest in Parker products.

Article contributed by C.T. Lefler, market product manager, Parker Hannifin's Pump & Motor Division.

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