Sorting Out the Difference Between M2M and IoT

A Power Take-Off, or PTO, gives a truck versatility beyond its usual function of providing transportation for materials. It directs power to the auxiliary equipment to perform work at the site and/or enroute. A PTO can eliminate the need for a second, or auxiliary, engine to power the equipment. Efficiency is gained through a PTO being applied to any form of vehicle transportation application including dump trucks, garbage trucks, snow trucks and many more. 

Here are ten frequently asked questions to have a jumpstart in understanding how a PTO works and to aid your PTO learning process:

Why is it called a power take-off? 

A power take-off is a gearbox that directs power from the engine and transfers that power to auxiliary equipment through the rotation of the PTO gears and the vehicle transmission gears meshing. The power is generated from the truck’s engine power and is used to power the piece of equipment on the vehicle application. 

What are the main types of PTOs?  

PTOs are generally categorized by their mounting type. The three most common PTOs are side mount, rear mount, and top mount. Refer to previous blog post Understanding Why There are So Many Options for Mounting a PTO to read about the main mounting types available for a PTO.:

What determines how fast a PTO spins? 

The speed of the PTO output is dependent on internal gearing of the PTO as well as the internal ratio of the transmission in relation to the PTO driver gear. For an automatic transmission, the minimum input speed higher than torque converter lock-up must be maintained for PTO operation (unless the transmission offers “live drive”, meaning the PTO is powered through the impeller). Depending on the internal gearing, PTO output speeds can be less than, greater, or equal to that of the transmission.

What is the involvement of PTO horsepower (hp) and torque for specifying a PTO?

When specifying a PTO, we need to find the input horsepower required of the driven equipment. Horsepower is the measure of capacity for doing work per unit of time. Torque is the effort required to perform a twisting or turning motion. The horsepower is figured into the equation to find the torque requirements for the proper PTO to be used. Parker Chelsea categorizes product series using torque values.

The equation is: Torque (T) = HP x 5,252 / RPM 

Parker Chelsea classifies PTO series as either intermittent or continuous. It is important to note that for an application that is “continuous” duty, (i.e. the PTO is in operation more than five minutes in any given 15-minute period), intermittent torque values must be de-rated by 30% unless the PTO is already classified as continuous duty. 

Refer below to Parker Chelsea’s application catalog to help find the appropriate torque requirements of your application. All series are annotated as continuous or intermittent.

 

Do all trucks have a power take off provision (options)? 

Power take-off provisions include special wiring and programming along with apertures on the vehicle’s transmission that allow for the mounting of the PTO. The “PTO ready” option needs to be ordered and configured at the chassis manufacturer when building out a work truck. 

What is the difference between a hydraulic and mechanical shift type PTO? 

There are two major types of independent PTOs; mechanical (i.e. 489 series) and hydraulic (i.e. new 210 series). A hydraulic shift PTO uses a clutch mechanism for engagement. Hydraulic shift PTOs apply to traditional (torque converter) automatic transmissions. A mechanical shift PTO physically engages by shifting one gear into another. This is done typically through a lever, cable or air pressure. Mechanical shift PTOs apply to manual and automated manual transmissions. 

What are common terms used in PTO operations? 

Spur gear: A gear whose teeth are cut straight across the face of the gear.

Helical gear: A gear whose teeth are cut on an angle diagonally across the gear either with a right or left-hand slant. For helical gears to mate, one must slant to the right and the other to the left.

Pitch line: The point on the gear tooth midway between the base of the tooth and the tip of the tooth.

Pitch line velocity: The speed of rotation in feet per minute of a gear measured at the pitch line. 

Pitch (Gear): The measure of the size of the gear teeth determined by the number of teeth in a given area measured at the pitch line.  PTO gear pitch is normally classified as 5, 6, or 7-pitch. 

Gear ratio: It is determined by dividing the number of teeth in the driven gear by the number of teeth in the driving gear. 

 

To specify a PTO, you will need to determine the tech specs needed for the application.  Are there easy formulas to assist in the process?

• Pump output horsepower: HP = GPM x PSI ÷ 1714
• Pump input horsepower: HP = GPM x PSI ÷ 1714 ÷ E
• Pump input torque (Lbs. Ft): T = CID x PSI ÷ 75.36
• Gallons per minute: GPM = CID x R.P.M. ÷ 231
• Cubic inches displacement: CID = GPM x 231 ÷ R.P.M.
• Horse power: HP = T x R.P.M. ÷ 5252
• Flow in G.P.M. using P.T.O.: GPM = Engine R.P.M. x P.T.O. % x CID ÷ 231 x E
• CCM conversion: CCM = CID x 16.39
• CID conversion: CID = CCM x .06102

 

What should be done for PTO maintenance on a daily and monthly timeframe?

It is very important to have periodic PTO maintenance for proper, safe, and trouble-free operation of the PTO. It is recommended to follow below the maintenance schedule. 

Daily: Check all air, hydraulic and working mechanisms before operating the PTO. Perform maintenance as required.
 

Monthly: Inspect for possible leaks and tighten all air, hydraulic and mounting hardware, if necessary. Torque all bolts, nuts, etc. to Chelsea specifications. Ensure that splines are properly lubricated, if applicable. Perform maintenance as required. 

  What is recommended for increasing hydraulic pump life when installed on a PTO?

A potential issue with a PTO can be premature spline fretting or wear caused by torsional vibrations. Traditionally, regular grease application between the PTO output and the PTO shafts is incorporated into the preventive maintenance schedule of the truck. This entails every two to three months having the pump removed from the PTO and having the mating shafts cleaned and regreased. Parker Chelsea provides spline lubrication grease with every PTO that has a pump mount option. They have also developed Wet Spline technology that helps provide a constant flow of fresh oil to the PTO and pump shafts to mitigate the issue of spline fretting and the wear which leads to not needing the maintenance inspections. Check out what Parker Chelsea offers for Wet Spline Technology and the additional benefits it provides. 

 

To learn more about the PTOs and the product options offered, visit our website www.parker.com/chelsea. 

 

This article was contributed by Michael Mabrouk, marketing leadership associate, Chelsea Products Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.

 

 

 

 

Related articles:

How to Specify a Power Take-Off (PTO)

What’s All the Noise About with My Power Take-Off (PTO)?

Understanding Why There are So Many Options for Mounting a PTO

It is very important to have specific information to select the proper Power Take-Off (PTO) to match the transmission on a vehicle. A PTO is not transferable from one vehicle application to another especially with different transmissions. PTOs are available in many sizes and provide various capabilities that are tailored to fit the specific context of the application. 

The following ranges of categorized sizes of PTO Series are as follows:

• Medium duty – mechanical and hot shift – 442, 489, 272, 282
• Heavy duty – mechanical and hot shift – 660, 680, 280
• Extra heavy duty – 870, 890, 823
• Forward and reverse operation units – 340, 352 & 863 
• Rear mounts –524, 541 

It is recommended to begin analyzing a PTO application using pre-determined necessary technical information about the work output and installation requirements. Go through the following steps to specify a PTO.

1. Determine the transmission information being used (i.e. automatic or manual, make, model, side of installation). Parker Chelsea has an application guide that will help organize the necessary information needed. There are identification tags on the transmission itself that provide the make and model of the transmission which is required for the application worksheet.
2. Determine what type of equipment is being driven by the PTO (i.e. hydraulic pump, winch, blower). 
3. Find the input horsepower (HP) required of the driven equipment. The power requirements of the driven equipment should be provided by the manufacturer of the driven equipment.
4. Find the desired operating speed of driven equipment. This will be determined by the driven equipment operating parameters.
5. Establish the approximate engine speed desired during operation or PTO ratio (if known). PTO speed is stated as a percentage of engine speed. An example being, required pump speed of 1000 RPM and having an engine operating speed of 1500 RPM. The percentage of PTO to engine speed would be calculated to approximately two-thirds, or approximately 67 percent (e.g. 1000/1500 = 66.67, or 67%). 
6. Define the direction of the Driven Equipment Shaft Rotation with there being two choices, engine and opposite-engine. The PTO requirements will be determined by the driven equipment. It is important to note the PTO output shaft rotation listed on the application page is in relation to the vehicle crankshaft rotation as viewed from the rear of the vehicle. (See Figure 1).
7.  Clarify the type of connection between the PTO and driven equipment with there being a remote and direct connection. 
8. Define the duty cycle as intermittent or continuous. Intermittent duty cycles are defined as PTO operations that last for less than five minutes in any fifteen-minute period. Conversely, continuous duty cycles are defined as PTO operations for more than five minutes out of every 15.  If an intermittent PTO is used for continuous operation, the required torque must be divided by .70 to get the torque requirement for the driven equipment. The PTO will need to de-rated if it was not designed for continuous duty.
9. Determine if there are reverse gear requirements (yes/no).
10. Determine the type and size of the PTO output required (i.e. driveshaft – size of output required, direct mount pump – mounting flange and shaft type/size).

Figure 1

 

Here are useful formulas to help Specify a PTO:

• Pump Output Horsepower: HP = (GPM x PSI) / 1,714
• Pump Input Horsepower: HP = (GPM x PSI) / (1,714 x E)
• Pump Input Torque (Lbs. Ft.): T = CID x PSI / 75.63
• Gallons Per Minute: GPM = (CID / 231) x (RPM)
• Cubic Inches Displacement: CID = (GPM x 231) / RPM
• Horsepower: HP = (T x RPM) / 5,252
• Flow in GPM using PTO: GPM = (Engine RPM x PTO%) x (CID / 231) x E
• CCM Conversion: CCM = CID x 16.39
• CID Conversion: CID = CCM x .06102
• PTO Ratio Calculator = Pump RPM / Engine RPM

Figure 2 (Remote on top, Direct on bottom)

While not all information is always available, here is an information guideline that can get you started with the right information to help you select the right PTO for your application.

Application Guide

It is important to remember when the appropriate PTO has been selected through the concluded gathered information, review the application guide and make sure that all the necessary information has been included. When searching for a PTO in a catalog, please remember to read the footnotes as there may be additional information to consider for specifying a PTO. This can include transmissions not being able to withstand torque capacity of the PTO and the application or some other unique feature of the unit may be mentioned through the footnotes. 

To further investigate what different PTOs are being offered, including the new 210 series PTO for the 2020 Ford Super Duty 10R140 Transmission, be sure to check out www.parker.com/chelsea to learn more.

This article was contributed by Michael Mabrouk, marketing leadership associate, Chelsea Products Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.  

 

 

 

 

Related articles:

What’s All the Noise About with My Power Take-Off (PTO)?

Understanding Why There are So Many Options for Mounting a PTO

16 Essential Guidelines for Safe and Proper Power Take-Off Mounting

 

The difference between Machine to Machine (M2M) and The Internet of Things (IoT) can be confusing. While both M2M and IoT involve sharing data and can be connectivity solutions for enterprises, they are different schools of solutions mainly varying in the way they achieve connectivity.  

Differences and similarities

There are several distinct differences between the solutions when it comes to their basic principle and applications. M2M refers to direct communication between devices such as machines, smartphones and appliances. The communication itself is completed using wired or wireless communication channels, whereas IoT is based on the fundamentals of sensors that can collect and analyze data in real-time. This connectivity of sensors can occur without the intervention of humans.

To map it out and draw a connection between the two: IoT is simply the “bigger vision” of connectivity and is fueled by the advancements of M2M applications. The main deliverable of M2M is to enable businesses to manage and collect data remotely by connecting their device(s) to the cloud. IoT, on the other hand, is a mass-market technology that applies to both consumers and enterprises. Enterprise IoT is increasing in popularity and takes business communication one step further by facilitating asset tracking and management, such as Parker’s Mobile IoT for off-highway equipment.

As the name implies, M2M connects machines to machines, whereas IoT takes machine-to-machine connectivity, integrates web applications and connects it to a cloud. While M2M employs isolated systems of sensors and records of remotely collected and measured data, IoT converges disparate systems into a comprehensive system to enable new applications. IoT steps it up by integrating device and sensor data with big data, analytics and other enterprise mobile applications. Comprehensive achievements like these are rarely captured by M2M systems on their own.

IoT not only provides prognostic maintenance but also improves business processes and operations. For instance, Parker’s Mobile IoT solution records and stores all data in the cloud, allowing visibility and adjustments to machine operations in real-time. Users can access the performance data remotely, making it easy for OEMs and their customers to collect and analyze data sets to identify usage trends and field-based problems with unparalleled intellectual design and insight. 

M2M IoT Direct communication between machines Sensors automation and internet platform Supports point-to-point communication Supports cloud communication Devices don’t necessarily rely on an internet connection Devices rely on an active internet connection Mostly hardware-based technology Both hardware and software-based technology Normally communicate with a single machine at a time Many users can access at one time over the internet A device can connect through mobile or other networks Data delivery depends on the internet protocol (IP) network

Simply put, IoT is more than device connectivity, as it is the network of connected devices. The chart below demonstrates a side-by-side comparison of the two solutions to more easily understand their distinct differences.

Undeniably, M2M and IoT share common aspects. The core similarity is that both provide remote access to machine data and both exchange information among machines without human intervention.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, both technologies enable machines to communicate, collect, store and exchange data; autonomously lead to corresponding decisions, and perform tasks with minimal human intervention. Yet, as we can see, M2M and IoT are not synonymous.

The two are different solutions for enterprises and provide different levels of data exchange and collection. M2M and IoT primarily vary in terms of how they achieve connectivity, what they aim to connect, how scalable they are and how the data is utilized. Both, however, have a focused geared toward a more connected and “smart” world.

Learn more about IoT solutions for OEMs. 

Article contributed by Clint Quanstrom, IoT general manager, Motion Systems Group, Parker Hannifin Corporation and Kyri McDonough, marketing communications manager, Parker Hannifin Corporation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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