Variable Flow Open Center Delivers Constant Efficiency

It is very important to have specific information to select the proper Power Take-Off (PTO) to match the transmission on a vehicle. A PTO is not transferable from one vehicle application to another especially with different transmissions. PTOs are available in many sizes and provide various capabilities that are tailored to fit the specific context of the application. 

The following ranges of categorized sizes of PTO Series are as follows:

• Medium duty – mechanical and hot shift – 442, 489, 272, 282
• Heavy duty – mechanical and hot shift – 660, 680, 280
• Extra heavy duty – 870, 890, 823
• Forward and reverse operation units – 340, 352 & 863 
• Rear mounts –524, 541 

It is recommended to begin analyzing a PTO application using pre-determined necessary technical information about the work output and installation requirements. Go through the following steps to specify a PTO.

1. Determine the transmission information being used (i.e. automatic or manual, make, model, side of installation). Parker Chelsea has an application guide that will help organize the necessary information needed. There are identification tags on the transmission itself that provide the make and model of the transmission which is required for the application worksheet.
2. Determine what type of equipment is being driven by the PTO (i.e. hydraulic pump, winch, blower). 
3. Find the input horsepower (HP) required of the driven equipment. The power requirements of the driven equipment should be provided by the manufacturer of the driven equipment.
4. Find the desired operating speed of driven equipment. This will be determined by the driven equipment operating parameters.
5. Establish the approximate engine speed desired during operation or PTO ratio (if known). PTO speed is stated as a percentage of engine speed. An example being, required pump speed of 1000 RPM and having an engine operating speed of 1500 RPM. The percentage of PTO to engine speed would be calculated to approximately two-thirds, or approximately 67 percent (e.g. 1000/1500 = 66.67, or 67%). 
6. Define the direction of the Driven Equipment Shaft Rotation with there being two choices, engine and opposite-engine. The PTO requirements will be determined by the driven equipment. It is important to note the PTO output shaft rotation listed on the application page is in relation to the vehicle crankshaft rotation as viewed from the rear of the vehicle. (See Figure 1).
7.  Clarify the type of connection between the PTO and driven equipment with there being a remote and direct connection. 
8. Define the duty cycle as intermittent or continuous. Intermittent duty cycles are defined as PTO operations that last for less than five minutes in any fifteen-minute period. Conversely, continuous duty cycles are defined as PTO operations for more than five minutes out of every 15.  If an intermittent PTO is used for continuous operation, the required torque must be divided by .70 to get the torque requirement for the driven equipment. The PTO will need to de-rated if it was not designed for continuous duty.
9. Determine if there are reverse gear requirements (yes/no).
10. Determine the type and size of the PTO output required (i.e. driveshaft – size of output required, direct mount pump – mounting flange and shaft type/size).

Figure 1

 

Here are useful formulas to help Specify a PTO:

• Pump Output Horsepower: HP = (GPM x PSI) / 1,714
• Pump Input Horsepower: HP = (GPM x PSI) / (1,714 x E)
• Pump Input Torque (Lbs. Ft.): T = CID x PSI / 75.63
• Gallons Per Minute: GPM = (CID / 231) x (RPM)
• Cubic Inches Displacement: CID = (GPM x 231) / RPM
• Horsepower: HP = (T x RPM) / 5,252
• Flow in GPM using PTO: GPM = (Engine RPM x PTO%) x (CID / 231) x E
• CCM Conversion: CCM = CID x 16.39
• CID Conversion: CID = CCM x .06102
• PTO Ratio Calculator = Pump RPM / Engine RPM

Figure 2 (Remote on top, Direct on bottom)

While not all information is always available, here is an information guideline that can get you started with the right information to help you select the right PTO for your application.

Application Guide

It is important to remember when the appropriate PTO has been selected through the concluded gathered information, review the application guide and make sure that all the necessary information has been included. When searching for a PTO in a catalog, please remember to read the footnotes as there may be additional information to consider for specifying a PTO. This can include transmissions not being able to withstand torque capacity of the PTO and the application or some other unique feature of the unit may be mentioned through the footnotes. 

To further investigate what different PTOs are being offered, including the new 210 series PTO for the 2020 Ford Super Duty 10R140 Transmission, be sure to check out www.parker.com/chelsea to learn more.

This article was contributed by Michael Mabrouk, marketing leadership associate, Chelsea Products Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.  

 

 

 

 

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The difference between Machine to Machine (M2M) and The Internet of Things (IoT) can be confusing. While both M2M and IoT involve sharing data and can be connectivity solutions for enterprises, they are different schools of solutions mainly varying in the way they achieve connectivity.  

Differences and similarities

There are several distinct differences between the solutions when it comes to their basic principle and applications. M2M refers to direct communication between devices such as machines, smartphones and appliances. The communication itself is completed using wired or wireless communication channels, whereas IoT is based on the fundamentals of sensors that can collect and analyze data in real-time. This connectivity of sensors can occur without the intervention of humans.

To map it out and draw a connection between the two: IoT is simply the “bigger vision” of connectivity and is fueled by the advancements of M2M applications. The main deliverable of M2M is to enable businesses to manage and collect data remotely by connecting their device(s) to the cloud. IoT, on the other hand, is a mass-market technology that applies to both consumers and enterprises. Enterprise IoT is increasing in popularity and takes business communication one step further by facilitating asset tracking and management, such as Parker’s Mobile IoT for off-highway equipment.

As the name implies, M2M connects machines to machines, whereas IoT takes machine-to-machine connectivity, integrates web applications and connects it to a cloud. While M2M employs isolated systems of sensors and records of remotely collected and measured data, IoT converges disparate systems into a comprehensive system to enable new applications. IoT steps it up by integrating device and sensor data with big data, analytics and other enterprise mobile applications. Comprehensive achievements like these are rarely captured by M2M systems on their own.

IoT not only provides prognostic maintenance but also improves business processes and operations. For instance, Parker’s Mobile IoT solution records and stores all data in the cloud, allowing visibility and adjustments to machine operations in real-time. Users can access the performance data remotely, making it easy for OEMs and their customers to collect and analyze data sets to identify usage trends and field-based problems with unparalleled intellectual design and insight. 

M2M IoT Direct communication between machines Sensors automation and internet platform Supports point-to-point communication Supports cloud communication Devices don’t necessarily rely on an internet connection Devices rely on an active internet connection Mostly hardware-based technology Both hardware and software-based technology Normally communicate with a single machine at a time Many users can access at one time over the internet A device can connect through mobile or other networks Data delivery depends on the internet protocol (IP) network

Simply put, IoT is more than device connectivity, as it is the network of connected devices. The chart below demonstrates a side-by-side comparison of the two solutions to more easily understand their distinct differences.

Undeniably, M2M and IoT share common aspects. The core similarity is that both provide remote access to machine data and both exchange information among machines without human intervention.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, both technologies enable machines to communicate, collect, store and exchange data; autonomously lead to corresponding decisions, and perform tasks with minimal human intervention. Yet, as we can see, M2M and IoT are not synonymous.

The two are different solutions for enterprises and provide different levels of data exchange and collection. M2M and IoT primarily vary in terms of how they achieve connectivity, what they aim to connect, how scalable they are and how the data is utilized. Both, however, have a focused geared toward a more connected and “smart” world.

Learn more about IoT solutions for OEMs. 

Article contributed by Clint Quanstrom, IoT general manager, Motion Systems Group, Parker Hannifin Corporation and Kyri McDonough, marketing communications manager, Parker Hannifin Corporation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The last thing one wants to worry about is a loud noise coming from their truck and not knowing why it is happening or where it is coming from. Without proper maintenance and potential improper installation, the Power Take-Off (PTO) itself is subject to making noises that may sound like whining, clattering, clicking and grinding. It is important to note that the sounds one may hear of these noises may not be from the PTO itself but from somewhere else in the system. PTOs also normally create torsional vibrations found in diesel engine applications that have led companies to develop technologies to help mitigate and smooth out those expected vibrations.  

PTOs now in the market have focused on reducing noise and making sure that drivers are more comfortable allowing them to get their work done. Parker Chelsea has developed QT GearTM  technology, a solution to mitigate noise, that can be applied to nearly all PTOs that are engine driven by a live PTO drive gear in the transmission. Examples of some PTOs featuring the technology include the 249 Series and the new 210 Series launching in the fall of 2019. 

Even though the technology is in place, there still may be unique sounds coming from the PTO itself. Here is more information on what might be causing the specific noise types you hear if the PTO is the root cause of the noise.  

Whining 

When looking into a new installation and hearing a whining noise coming from the truck, a potential cause could be from the PTO having an improper backlash. What improper backlash entails is less than .006” clearance between the (transmission) PTO driver gear and the PTO input gear as measured at the pitch line using a dial indicator. This can cause rapid heat buildup and gear tooth breakage. For an existing installation, the whining noise (pitch sound) change could indicate a possible bearing failure. 

Clattering 

A probable cause for hearing a clattering noise coming from the truck with a new installation can be the result of the excessive backlash. Excessive backlash is created from more than .012” clearance between the (transmission) PTO driver gear and the PTO input gear as measured at the pitch line using a dial indicator. This will lead to eventual gear tooth failure from insufficient contact. In the scenario of an existing installation, it is important to make certain the cause of the noise is from the PTO. It can be determined by disconnecting the driven equipment and running the PTO. If the source of the noise is determined to be from the PTO, make sure to check the bearings and shifter mechanism.  

Clicking 

Clicking is most commonly caused from a damaged gear tooth. The clicking noise itself typically indicates that either one or two gear teeth are damaged only. The frequency of a click can help indicate the size of the gear at issue, with a fast click being due to a small gear and a slow click being due to a larger gear. If a grinding noise is heard, this would be an indication that all the teeth are damaged. 

Grinding 

The common cause of grinding noise can be traced to operator abuse when engaging the PTO. To properly engage for a mechanically shifted PTO, the operator should depress the clutch and then wait for the transmission gears to come to a stop before engaging the PTO. To properly engage for a “hot shift” PTO, the operator should make sure the engine RPM’s are below 1200 before engaging the PTO. For both new and used installation, a grinding noise could indicate that the shifter cable or lever isn’t adjusted correctly. Make sure to check for the correct adjustment of the clutch brake on the transmission.  

 

Noise on Allison Transmissions 

Typically, the combination of diesel engines, automatic transmissions and PTOs can result in significant noise via rattle and/or vibration. It becomes more recognizable when using heavy-duty transmissions behind turbo-charged engines and is enhanced by using neutral lock up. (The neutral lock up compresses the disks within the transmission torque converter, eliminating the cushioning fluid that is normally found between these disks.) Please note that this noise is not harmful to the PTO or the transmission. When the engine RPM is raised or lowered, or a load is applied to the PTO, the noise will usually disappear and go away.  

Conclusion 

PTOs generally do release torsional vibrations and therefore can be heard on a truck application. Companies have been putting in place their own technologies to help mitigate noise from these vibrations. Even with general PTO noise, the rare whining, clattering, clicking and grinding noises may occur. One will have to distinguish from a subjective matter if the PTO sounds like it is making one of these noises and from there will need to be determined if that noise is from the PTO or another part of the system. Learn more about Parker Chelsea’s QT Gear and PTO support material for the proper product PTO series and technologies for each unique application.

 

This article was contributed by Michael Mabrouk, marketing leadership associate, Chelsea Products Division, Parker Hannifin Corporation.  

 

 

 

 

 

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